Nature based solution for the earthen embankment of Indian Sundarban

Abstract

The Indian Sundarbans, a critical region within the Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna delta, faces severe challenges due to rising sea levels, frequent cyclones, and human activities, which endanger its ecosystems and the livelihoods of its inhabitants. Traditional earthen embankments, used to protect against tidal surges and saline intrusion, are increasingly vulnerable under these stressors. This research explores the potential of Nature Based Solutions (NBS) to stabilize these embankments, focusing on laboratory testing to evaluate the effectiveness of NBS enhanced designs. The study investigates the use of mangrove vegetation and bioengineering techniques to improve the structural integrity of earthen embankments. Through controlled laboratory experiments, the research assesses the stabilization effects of incorporating vegetation and natural materials into embankment soils, examining parameters such as erosion resistance, sediment stability, and water absorption capacity. The results demonstrate that NBS can significantly enhance embankment durability while providing additional benefits like biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. This study highlights the practicality of integrating NBS into traditional embankment designs in the Sundarbans, offering a sustainable approach to coastal protection. The findings underscore the need for incorporating ecological principles in engineering practices, providing valuable insights for policymakers and environmental managers aiming to enhance coastal resilience in vulnerable deltaic regions like the Sundarbans.