Removal of fluoride from groundwater using suitable adsorbents and management of generated waste

Abstract

The presence of excessive fluoride in groundwater poses a serious threat to human health and has become a pressing global concern. In regions where fluoride-contaminated groundwater is prevalent, developing cost-effective and sustainable methods for its removal is imperative. This study focuses on the utilization of suitable adsorbents for the removal of fluoride from groundwater, coupled with an innovative waste management approach by incorporating the generated waste into brick manufacturing. The research begins with an extensive review of existing adsorbents and their capacity to adsorb fluoride ions from water. The potential adsorbents include activated alumina, activated carbon, and various modified clays, among others. Their efficiency is evaluated through laboratory experiments, considering factors such as pH, contact time, initial fluoride concentration, and adsorption isotherms. Results demonstrate that certain adsorbents exhibit promising fluoride removal capabilities, highlighting their potential for application in real-world scenarios. Subsequently, attention is directed towards the management of the adsorbent waste generated during the fluoride removal process. Traditionally, the disposal of spent adsorbents contributes to environmental pollution. However, this study proposes an eco-friendly solution by incorporating the waste into brick manufacturing. The bricks are fabricated through a controlled blending process, ensuring that the final product meets quality standards while effectively immobilizing the fluoride-rich waste within the bricks. The engineering properties of the produced bricks are examined, including compressive strength, water absorption, and durability, to ascertain their feasibility for construction purposes. Additionally, leaching tests are conducted to evaluate the potential release of fluoride from the bricks, ensuring compliance with safety guidelines. The proposed approach not only addresses the issue of fluoride contamination in groundwater but also introduces a sustainable method for waste management. By converting waste into value-added building materials, the environmental burden is reduced, and communities’ benefit from improved water quality and affordable, eco-friendly bricks.