Piezoelectric nanogenerator based on lead-free double perovskite-pvdf for energy harvesting applications

Abstract

As conventional energy sources deplete, a sustainable power source to satisfy the needs of energy requirements is critical in modern civilization. Bioenergy, hydropower, solar, and wind are some of the well-established renewable energy sources that assist meet the need for energy on a megawatt to gigawatt scale. In the rising era of IoT, nanogenerators based on nano energy are a developing technology that enables self-powered systems, sensors, and flexible and portable electronics (Internet of Things). Nanogenerators may capture small-scale energy from the environment and surroundings for effective use. The nanogenerators were based on piezoelectric, triboelectric, and pyroelectric effects, with Wang et al. developing the first of its kind in 2006. Because nanogenerators are lightweight, easily produced, sustainable, and maintenance-free devices, they represent a breakthrough in the field of ambient energy collecting techniques. The principles, performance, current breakthroughs, and use of nanogenerators in self-powered sensors, wind energy harvesting, blue energy harvesting, and their integration with solar photovoltaics are reviewed in detail in this study. Finally, the prognosis and problems for the advancement of this technology are discussed. This review focuses on the emergence and development of the promising benchmark lead-free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6. First, the structure-property relation, synthesis, and stability of Cs2AgBiBr6 are emphasized. Next, the fundamental optical and electronic properties, i.e., the absorption, photoluminescence, electron-phonon coupling, defects, charge carrier dynamics, and bandgap engineering, are discussed. Then, the recent progress in optoelectronic applications including solar cells, photo/X-ray detectors, and ferroelectric/magnetic devices, etc., are reviewed. Finally, the main challenges facing Cs2AgBiBr6 materials and related applications are presented alongside perspectives and possible solutions that may allow for the achievement of commercial, high-efficiency, stable, and nontoxic lead-free optoelectronic devices.