Highly efficient and flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator based on lead-free perovskite modified self-poled poly (vinylidene fluoride) composite

Abstract

Piezoelectric nanoparticles provide a chance for the development of self-powered systems through energy collection. The usage of a system or device that performs a function without the requirement for an external power source, such as a battery or any other sort of source, is made possible by the newly developing technology known as self-powered systems. For instance, employing the piezoelectric effect, this technology may harness energy from sources such as ambient mechanical vibrations, noise, human movement, etc., and transform it into electrical energy. The size of conventional batteries is inappropriate for nanoscale devices and will result in the loss of the "nano" notion. This is a result of the traditional sources' provided power's vast size and comparatively large magnitude. The development of a nanogenerator (NG) to convert energy from the environment into electric energy would facilitate the development of some self-powered systems relying on nano- devices. Making piezoelectric Cesium copper chloride (CsCuCl3) and PVDF composite-based NGs for use in low-frequency energy harvesting applications is the major goal of this thesis. To test them under various low frequency mechanical deformations, many varieties of NGs based on this nanostructure have been thoroughly constructed and investigated. Using a low temperature and power, well-aligned CsCuCl3 nanowires (NWs) with a high piezoelectric coefficient were created on flexible substrates. Then, several low-frequency energy harvesting systems were shown using these composite based NWs in various topologies. The first chapter contains the fundamentals of nanoscience and technology, their applications, and the definitions of perovskite material and nanogenerators as well as their dielectric characteristics. The discussion of the researchers' work on various Perovskite-based nanogenerator types and perovskite dopes in PVDF or composite-based nanogenerators is covered in the second chapter. Their essay demonstrates a variety of cheap and simple methods. In their publications, they demonstrate a variety of excellent daily applications. The fundamental synthesis process and characterization were detailed in the third chapter, covering how the machine operates and which equipment uses our synthesis method and electrical characterization. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and cesium copper chloride (CsCuCl3) hybrid films are explained in the fourth chapter as desirable functional materials for piezoelectric-based mechanical energy harvesters. A piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG) made of PVDF and CsCuCl3 demonstrated impressive output performance. PVDF has high crystallinity and electroactive -phase nucleation of 92%. In composites, perovskite concertation was improved to achieve benchmark level output responsiveness. PNG with 4.0 wt% CsCuCl3 in PVDF produced an instantaneous output voltage and current of 220 V and 14 A, respectively. It also demonstrated endurance under adverse circumstances and long-cycle stability (1,000 cycles). Furthermore, electricity from PNG was used to power 30 LEDs and charge a capacitor. The results that were obtained are quite significant and reveal the viability of developing revolutionary smart devices employing this class of perovskites.