Role of lncrnas in association with NM IIC in breast cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in females. Due to its major impact on population, this disease represents a critical public health problem that requires further research at the molecular level in order to define its prognosis and specific treatment. [1] In recent years it has become clear that breast cancer does not represent a single disease but rather a number of molecularly-distinct tumors arising from the epithelial cells of the breast. [1] Breast cancer is highly heterogeneous encompassing a group of genetically and epigenetically distinct diseases exhibiting diverse clinical features, the most common and invasive of which is metastasis[2] which is more likely if the patient is suffering from triple negative breast cancer (Her2-,ER-, PR-) [3]. NM IIs are nonmuscle myosin protein responsible for cell shape, cell movement, transportation of substances in cells, cytokinesis, cell-cell adhesion, epithelial tissue morphogenesis and maintenance of the tensional homeostasis between cells in tissues. [4] Scientific breakthroughs in the research of non-coding sequences have shown that lncRNAs are capable of cis/trans regulation of several genes and this might also aid in the transformation of normal cells to cancerous cells. Once the functioning or localization of native NM IIs are disrupted, that the cell loses its optimal functioning and it is highly probable that the cell transform into tumorigenic or cancerous cells. [5, 6] Basic research is required to accomplish the task of finding correlat ion between lnc RNAs and NM-IIs in tumor progression in breast tissue. For the purpose, three types of human breast cell lines were procured from ATCC and NCCS, namely MCF10A (normal breast tissue), MCF7 (tumorigenic) and MDA-MB- 231(metastatic) and one of the isoforms of NM IIs, NM IIC was considered for in-vitro analysis. Two predicted lncRNAs were considered for the studying correlation between NMIIC and lnc RNAs. One is HOTAIR, the one of the most popular lnc RNA for its role in cell migration, invasion and in EMT [75] especially in breast, found from published recognized literatures [76]. Another one is PCAT 19, a well known lncRNA for its dominant regulation over prostate cancer incidence. This PCAT19 is found to be expressing in different organs during tumorigenesis [39]. The position of the PCAT19 gene is sharing the same chromosomal location that is Chromosome 19 where MYH14 gene resides. Our interest of study is to unearth the possibility of companionship between the mentioned lncRNAs and NMIIC motor protein in human breast metastasis and this involves cell lines as they can be widely used in many aspects of laboratory research and, particularly, as in-vitro models in cancer research. The cell lines MCF-7 (tumorigenic) and MDA-MB-231 (metastatic) compared against healthy breast epithelial cell line-MCF-10A is used to understand and define whether two novel lncRNAs PCAT19 and HOTAIR, previously found to be involved in other forms of cancer[7,8] are involved in the development and progression of breast cancer as well.