Study of DMA based water distribution network design using watergems and improvement of sustainability of the system

Abstract

Water is essential for life and plays a crucial role in various aspects of our existence. For domestic or industrial, anywhere needed, need to prepare a Water distribution system to supply water. The important design parameters for water distribution are water demand, minimum pressure requirements at demand node, topography, reliability, economics, piping, pumping and energy use.

The water distribution system can be divided into two main parts: (i) Intermittent System: In this system water is supplied at regular intervals throughout the day. Water may be supplied for a few hours in the morning and/or in the evening. Due to some negative pressure, the quality of water is not so good compared to continuous water supply system. This system may cause serious risk to health as a result of ingress of contaminated ground water into the distribution system, (ii) Continuous system: In this system, the distribution system remains continuously pressurized so that no contaminated ground water can enter into the water pipelines even there are some small leakages in the system. Therefore, inspection, control and planned maintenance and rehabilitation programs are necessary to properly operate existing water distribution systems. There is still not a convenient evaluation for the reliability of water distribution systems. Traditionally, a water distribution network design is based on the proposed Intermittent System. WaterGEMS is a computer-based program that performs extended period of simulation of hydraulic and water quality behavior within a pressurized network. The network consists of Pipes, Valves, storage tanks and reservoirs.

This paper is helpful to have an insight for a comprehensive and diligent procedure for designing a distribution network within rural area. For designing of best economical optimized hydraulic modelling of water distribution system, WaterGEMS software is used in this study. Design procedure satisfied all like residual nodal pressure, velocity of flow in pipe, pipe material, unit head-loss, reservoir level, peak factor and available commercial pipe diameters in adherence to the CPHEEO manual and JJM guidelines. The procedure is based on the use of techniques like (a) allocating all the network nodes among an assigned number of District Metering Areas (DMAs) and (b) determining which pipes should be closed to delimit such districts and which pipes should be left open and fitted with flow meters in order to maximize the resilience of the entire system after the creation of districts The aim of the study is to simulate the water distribution network and calibrate the different parameters for implementing in the rural area.

The study area for this paper is within Narayanpur Scheme under Kotulpur Block under Bankura District, Westbengal. According to 2011 census, the population of Narayanpur Scheme was 9884. Narayanpur scheme consists of 11 nos mouzas with cluster habitations. The network is created and has been analyzed by using WaterGEMS Software.