Assessment of water quality of river Ganga in west bengal and bihar

Abstract

Assessment of water quality can be defined as the analysis of physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. The present work was carried out to assess a water quality scenario of the River Ganga. The values of physical, chemical and biological parameters like biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), potential hydrogen (pH) and fecal Coliform are considered. The secondary data are collected for a period of 01.01.2021 to 31.12.2023 from West Bengal Pollution Control Board and Bihar State Pollution Control Board official website. The values obtained were compared with the guidelines for organized Outdoor bathing (Class B) purpose suggested by the Gazette of India: Extraordinary [Part-II, Sec-3 (i)] and Bureau of Indian Standard. Four parameters like pH, DO, BOD and Fecal Coliform were selected to evaluate the pollution level change of three Rivers over the years. An analysis has been made on various water quality parameters at different locations during January 2021 to December 2023 as Minimum -Maximum and as Bathing Standard in percentage (%). The analysis reveals that the river is deteriorating rapidly due to the increased rate of pollution from different industrial, transportation, domestic and agricultural sources.