http://20.198.91.3:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/239 Sun, 05 Apr 2026 22:19:02 GMT 2026-04-05T22:19:02Z http://20.198.91.3:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8834 Title: Assessment of current water supply scenario in Kolkata Municipal Corporation area: issues & challenges Authors: Mondal, Divya Abstract: Water is the basic survival element for any living being and human is not exception of that. Though this ‘Blue Plant’ is named after the abundance of water, still there is non-availability of clean, potable water. As India is the second most populous country in the world with a sixth of world population and the figure stands around 1.38 billion, demand of safe pure water is a crucial thing to look at. There are few metropolitan cities in India and Kolkata is one of them which has been growing day by day as a city with a lot of opportunities in all fields. It is common that beside the existing population, Kolkata is attracting more people. This is causing an exponential growth of population and their demand to access to the potable, safe water. The growth projection of the city needs to be kept in mind for meeting the water demand of the population which is discussed here in the thesis work. In Kolkata, water supply is taken care of by Kolkata Municipal Corporation through their water supply department after necessary purification. The analysis and assessment of the qualitative and quantitative parameter of the water is a concern of this thesis work. KMC provides water to all the domestic ends after necessary purification of water which comprises of some steps. The steps which are involved for purification of water are also discussed here. IS 10500-2012 gives us a view of water quality parameter which is required to keep on check of the purified water by KMC water supply department. The assessment of the water quality is also a part of this thesis. Keywords: Water supply system, Urban water supply, Analysis of KMC water supply, Kolkata current water supply scenario, issues and challenges of water supply. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://20.198.91.3:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8834 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://20.198.91.3:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8831 Title: Lake water quality assessment and water quality indexing Authors: Mahapatra, Guruprasad Abstract: Assessment of water quality can be defined as the analysis of physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. The present work was carried out to assess a water quality index (WQI) of the Victoria Lake, Rabindra Sarobar Lake and Saheb Bandh Lake, an important wetland which has been under pressure due to the increasing anthropogenic activities. The values of physical , chemical and biological parameters like temperature (Temp), potential hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity (T), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), sulphate (SO4 2-), magnesium (Mg), phosphate , sodium (Na), potassium (K), nitrite (NO2 -), nitrate (NO3 -), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD),total coliforms and fecal coliform etc01.01.2013 to 30.03.2022 taken from West Bengal Pollution Control Board. The values obtained were compared with the guidelines for bathing purpose suggested by the World Health Organization, Gazette of India: Extraordinary [Part-II, Sec-3 (i)]and Bureau of Indian Standard. Four parameters like PH, DO, BOD and Fecal Coliform were selected to derive the WQI for the estimation of water potential for three lakes. An assigned weight was selected to each parameter range from 1 to 6 based on its importance. The WQI values for 13 sampling out of 108 sampling in Saheb Bandh Lake,13 sampling out of 107 sampling in Rabindra Sarobar Lake and 5 sampling out of 31 sampling in Victoria Lake are not suitable for bathing, including both human and animals, even though the people living inside the Lake are using it for bathing purposes. The implementation of WQI is necessary for proper management of the Victoria Lake, Rabindra Sarobar Lake and Saheb Bandh Lake and it will also help in assessment and periodic monitoring of water quality for minimizes the water pollution level in spite of increasing anthropogenic activity and urbanization within the sensitive area. Key Words: Victoria Lake, Rabindra Sarobar Lake, Saheb Bandh Lake, Water Quality, Water Quality Index Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://20.198.91.3:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8831 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://20.198.91.3:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8829 Title: Application of ceramic membrane in water and wastewater treatment Authors: Majumdar, Swachchha Abstract: The report presents some basic details of membranes processes and particularly ceramic membranes, methods of characterisation of ceramic membranes. In the experimental part, feasibility of ceramic membrane based processes for river water purification, tannery wastewater treatment and Oxidation of Iron (II) and Arsenic (III) to Iron (III) and Arsenic(IV)through Ceramic membrane contactor has been investigated. In the recent years, membrane technology including ceramic membrane is being widely applied in different separation and purification application. This is due to the fact that with the threshold limits of water quality parameters and various discharge norms of the treated wastewater are getting stringent day by day and many of the conventional treatment systems are not being able to meet many of these norms. But with the incorporation of membrane based systems, meeting such norms have become possible. As the structural and operational advantages of modular ceramic membranes, the basic laboratory investigation with saline river water has established the potential of using ceramic membrane for turbidity removal after primary sedimentation. For tannery wastewater, the investigation has shown promising result in terms of removal of certain pollutant parameter. In another investigation, the porous morphological structure has been used not as a separation device, but it was used for surface contacting device for gas-liquid interphase for better oxidation of Iron(II) and Arsenic (III). In addition, field application of ceramic membranes for removal of arsenic from contaminated groundwater has been discussed. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://20.198.91.3:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8829 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://20.198.91.3:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8827 Title: Performance study of biosand filter Authors: Ashadul Mallick Abstract: Clean drinking water is a necessity and recycling storm water and grey water has been more appealing in the recent decades to provide filtered water for drinking water and non-drinking water purposes. Biosand filters (BSF) have been a popular filtering system of filtering potable water in developing countries, due to their simplicity in construction, reliability in operation and availability of constituent materials. The BSF removes contaminants from water using four methods: mechanical trapping, predation, adsorption and natural death. The mechanical trapping mechanism occurs when solids and microbes suspended in the water are trapped in the small spaces between sand grains. Pathogens and suspended solids are removed through a combination of biological and physical processes that take place in the biofilm layer and within the sand layer.The aim of the study was to investigate the performance of Bio-sand filter (BSF) prepared with locally available materials in removing contaminants from surface water. The BSF was prepared with sand, gravel and plastic materials.The filter was constructed with specific grain size of sand and gravel; and the operation flow rate was 5.35ml/s. For laboratory analysis 27 water samples were collected from inlet water tank and outlet pipe at different day’s interval. The collected water samples were analyzed for pH, turbidity, total dissolve solids (TDS), Chloride (Cl), Hardness and fecal coliform (FC). The filter was highly efficient in turbidity reduction (85.24% average). The average TDS and EC removal efficiency was relatively low. This system was also highly efficient in fecal coliform reduction. It was concluded that BSF was suitable for removing contaminants from surface water and meet drinking water demand for the people who drink contaminated pond water. The device was made using locally available materials (plastic bucket, sand and gravel). Overall study results revealed a greater portion of turbidity reduction in the filtrate. The filter was found to reduce fecal coliform, though it is not capable of consistently meeting the IS guideline fecal coliform. Keywords: Bio-sand Filter, Coliform Bacteria, Local Resource, Turbidity, Water Purification, Diarrhea, Household water treatment, Wash, Low-Cost Water Supply, Public Health Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://20.198.91.3:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8827 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z